Google Search testing forcing searchers to sign in to get more search results

Google seems to be running a limited test where it is asking searchers to sign in to their Google account to “verify you’re a human and see more results.” Normally, Google Search would serve the user a captcha to verify they are human, but here Google is asking the searcher to actually sign in to their Google account.

What it looks like. This was spotted by Kamlesh Shukla posted about this on X and shared this screenshot:

As you can see, Google is asking this searcher to “Sign in to continue.” It says:

  • “Sign in to verify you’re a human and see more results”

This happened after this searcher conducted a Google Search and when past the first few pages of the search results. I suspect most humans do not click past the first or second page of the search results but still, normally Google would serve a captcha and not request the user to sign in.

Why we care. This is a new experience from Google Search to verify human activity. If rolled out, it can cause issues for many of the SEO tracking tools and even tools like SerpAPI which was sued by Google for scraping its search results, which Google lost in a court.

This seems to be a limited test right now, so we are not sure if Google will release this more widely.

Read more at Read More

How AI visibility adds context to PPC performance

How AI visibility explains PPC performance

AI visibility metrics help uncover pre-click influences that might not be obvious from search terms, conversion tracking, landing page analysis, or other conventional data points. They add context that helps explain why campaigns attract the right customers, the wrong customers, or no customers at all.

Performance marketers are paid to find the most valuable customers with the most efficient spend. The baseline is understanding what happened after someone searched, clicked, or converted. But focusing exclusively on cleaning up existing demand is a short-sighted goal.

AI experiences (and what goes into serving them) are just as important to performance workflows because AI can shape what customers know, which brands they consider, and the language they use before they ever reach an ad or website.

What AI visibility metrics reveal

AI visibility metrics help answer two questions:

  • What information did an AI system retrieve to support its response?
  • Was your brand part of the information that shaped that response?

Three signals are especially useful:

  • Grounding queries show the retrieval searches AI systems use to gather supporting information and the broader topics your brand appears in.
  • Citations show when your content is referenced in an AI-generated response.
  • Share of authority shows how much citation activity belongs to your domain compared with other cited domains for the same topic or query set.

See exactly how your competitors win.

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How to put AI visibility to work

Grounding queries show how AI interprets human intent

Search terms show what a person typed. Grounding queries show the information an AI system retrieved to help answer that person’s question.

A single prompt can generate several grounding queries covering comparisons, pricing, reviews, product details, availability, implementation questions, or other supporting topics. Those queries show how AI translates a human need into retrievable information.

It gives you another way to evaluate whether landing pages, product descriptions, and campaign messaging communicate the right value.

If AI systems consistently associate your brand with services you don’t offer, audiences you don’t want, or use cases that don’t convert well, that mismatch may eventually show up in paid campaigns as traffic that looks relevant but performs poorly.

For example, a B2B company offering executive coaching may not want to be interpreted the same way as a company offering tactical sales training. Both ideas may be semantically similar, but they can attract different buyers, budgets, expectations, and conversion paths.

If grounding queries consistently associate the company with lower-value training searches instead of higher-value advisory or coaching needs, that’s a signal worth investigating.

The useful signal isn’t whether one phrase is universally better than another. It’s whether grounding queries, search terms, landing page behavior, and conversion quality point to the same interpretation of the same offer.

What to do with this insight 

If you see a lot of relevant grounding queries, that can be a strong opportunity to test AI-powered query matching with Performance Max, AI Max, or other AI-supported campaign types.

At minimum, grounding queries can inform keyword testing, search themes, creative ideas, and landing page updates. The key is to treat grounding queries as inputs, not instructions.

A grounding query isn’t the same as a keyword. It’s a clue about how AI systems interpret intent. Before acting on it, ask:

  • Does this query reflect a product or service we actually want to sell?
  • Does it match the customers we want more of?
  • Do we have a landing page that supports this intent?
  • Would this work better as a keyword, search theme, creative test, or content update?
  • Can we measure whether the test improves conversion quality?

If grounding queries and search terms overlap in valuable ways, that may validate that AI systems and customers are interpreting your offer similarly

If they don’t overlap, investigate before changing bids or budgets. The issue may be messaging, landing page clarity, or content gaps rather than campaign settings.

Dig deeper: SEO vs. PPC vs. AI: The visibility dilemma

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Citations and topics help you preview how AI understands your brand

A citation doesn’t mean you won the customer, the final answer, or the conversion. It means your content helped shape the AI experience. That matters because consideration can happen before a measurable click.

If your brand is cited for topics that align with your paid campaigns, your content and campaign messaging may reinforce each other. If your brand is cited for topics that don’t match what you sell, who you serve, or where you win, that may explain why some campaign traffic looks relevant on the surface but doesn’t convert well.

Topics add another layer by showing the themes, attributes, and categories AI systems associate with your brand. That can be especially useful when you’re trying to understand whether AI systems accurately represent your brand.

For example, if a cybersecurity platform wants to be known for enterprise identity protection but AI visibility reporting consistently associates it with small-business antivirus comparisons, that mismatch could be leading to lower-quality “conversions” that translate into bad data for the ad platform. What looks like a campaign settings or targeting issue could actually be a phrasing or content problem.

This is why landing page content matters. AI-powered campaign features such as final URL expansion, asset optimization, and broader matching systems also rely on how your brand, products, services, and pages are interpreted.

If AI visibility data shows that AI systems misunderstand your brand, there’s a reasonable chance campaign automation could inherit some of that confusion.

What to do with this insight

If citations and topics are misaligned, audit your landing page content before assuming the issue is bidding, budget, or audience targeting.

Look at how your priority pages describe:

  • The problems you solve and whether you attempt to tackle more than one.
  • The proof points that support the claims made in your advertising.
  • The customer types you want more of based on how you describe your services.

Then compare that language with the topics where AI systems cite or associate your brand.

If AI systems are pulling your brand into the wrong topics, tighten the content. Make the product category, audience, proof points, and next step easier to understand. If the right topics appear but your citations are weak, look for places where your content may be too thin, too generic, or missing the evidence needed to be useful.

Better content can strengthen paid media campaigns because AI-powered campaign tools are increasingly tasked with interpreting pages, assets, and customer context. The clearer your landing pages and content are, the easier it is for those systems to understand where your offer is relevant. 

Dig deeper: 4 CRO strategies that work for humans and AI

Share of authority reveals where competitors are beating you in AI recommendations

Citations show whether your content is referenced in a given grounding query.

Share of authority shows how much citation activity belongs to your domain compared with other cited domains for the same topic or grounding query. This can be a useful competitive signal because it shows where other brands may be influencing the customer’s research journey before a search, click, or conversion happens.

If competitors are cited more often on a priority topic, they may be doing a better job answering the questions customers ask before they convert. This might mean:

  • More accessible landing pages.
  • Better proof points, such as reviews and awards.
  • More useful product information that aligns with their feed.

Fundamentally, ask:

  • Are competitors doing a better job proving their value in the places AI systems use to shape recommendations?

If the answer is yes, the issue may not be that your campaigns are broken. Your content may not be giving AI systems enough clear, useful, or verifiable information to understand why your brand belongs in the recommendation set.

What to do with this insight 

Use share of authority to identify where competitors are outperforming you on topics that matter to the business. Then invest in the content and landing page experiences that prove your value.

That might mean:

  • Building new landing pages for high-value use cases.
  • Expanding product or service details to include ideas mentioned in grounding queries.
  • Adding clearer proof points, such as reviews and awards.
  • Updating creative and messaging to reflect what customers and AI systems are already asking about.

Not every share-of-authority gap deserves action. If you’re underrepresented on a topic that doesn’t matter to your business, that may be fine.

But if you’re underrepresented on a high-value category, core product, branded initiative, or use case that your paid campaigns depend on, that gap deserves attention.

The performance question isn’t: “How do we become visible everywhere?” A better question is: “Where do we need stronger evidence so qualified customers are more likely to consider us?”

Every click they win is a customer you lose.

See where competitors are investing, which keywords drive their results, and how to capture more of the market.

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What AI visibility adds to PPC reporting

AI visibility reporting isn’t a replacement for conversion reports, bidding reports, placement reports, or behavioral analytics. Those tools still tell you whether campaigns are working and where performance is coming from.

AI visibility adds a different perspective. It helps explain how customers, AI systems, and competitors interact with information before traditional performance metrics exist.

Read more at Read More

Google expands Data Manager API with smarter audience management

Google updated the Data Manager API with new audience management tools, more flexible data ingestion and expanded support for user-provided address data, making it easier for developers to maintain Customer Match lists and improve data quality.

The release is aimed at reducing manual work while providing better visibility into data issues that don’t require an ingestion request to fail.

What’s new. The headline addition is a new RemoveAllAudienceMembers method, which allows developers to clear an entire audience list in a single operation. An optional timestamp parameter also lets advertisers remove only members added before a specified date, making full audience refreshes much easier.

Google has also introduced field-level ingestion warnings. Rather than failing an entire request when optional fields contain invalid data, the API now processes valid records while returning detailed warnings that identify the problematic fields and explain why they failed validation.

The update also expands the address information that can be sent to Google Analytics destinations. Developers can now include street address, city and state or province alongside existing fields such as name, postal code and region, while user-provided data can also satisfy identifier requirements for certain multi-source events when other identifiers aren’t available.

Google has additionally released new AI agent skills in its Google Skills GitHub repository to help developers build Data Manager API integrations more efficiently within AI-assisted coding environments.

Why we care. The update removes several friction points for developers managing first-party data. Audience refreshes become simpler, ingestion issues are easier to troubleshoot without interrupting workflows, and the expanded address fields provide more flexibility when sending user data to Google Analytics.

Bottom line. The latest Data Manager API release streamlines audience management, improves error handling and expands data collection capabilities, giving developers more efficient tools for managing customer data across Google Ads, Display & Video 360 and Google Analytics.

Every click they win is a customer you lose.

See where competitors are investing, which keywords drive their results, and how to capture more of the market.

See who’s stealing your traffic

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Microsoft Clarity adds branded and non-branded AI queries

Microsoft has updated its analytics tool, Clarity, to add branded and non-branded breakdowns to the AI Citations dashboard and AI reports. Clarity lets you filter branded versus non-branded information across query analysis and filtering.

What Microsoft said. “To make that analysis easier, Microsoft Clarity now adds branded query segmentation to the AI Citations dashboard,” Microsoft wrote. “You can now distinguish branded and non-branded grounding queries AI systems use to look up supporting information for a response,” Microsoft added.

What it looks like. Here is a screenshot from the Microsoft Clarity blog of these new updates:

What is new. Microsoft added branded vs. non-branded view across query analysis and filtering to the Clarity reports including:

  • Branded labels in the queries card: Individual queries are now clearly marked as branded in the queries view, so you can quickly identify brand-specific queries and understand what the AI systems looked up at a glance. 
  • Share of Authority breakdown by query type: The Share of Authority card now breaks out results by branded and non-branded queries, giving you a clearer view of where your authority is strongest: queries that mention your brand versus more general queries.  
  • Branded and non-branded filters: Filter dashboard data by branded or non-branded queries to compare how your visibility performs when an AI system looks up your brand directly versus broader, more general topics. 
  • More precise citation analysis: By separating brand-led demand from generic discovery, you can better assess brand strength, identify discovery and consideration opportunities, and interpret changes in citation performance with greater confidence. 
  • Branded labels in the queries card: Individual queries are now clearly marked as branded in the queries view, so you can quickly identify brand-specific queries and understand what the AI systems looked up at a glance. 
  • Share of Authority breakdown by query type: The Share of Authority card now breaks out results by branded and non-branded queries, giving you a clearer view of where your authority is strongest: queries that mention your brand versus more general queries.  
  • Branded and non-branded filters: Filter dashboard data by branded or non-branded queries to compare how your visibility performs when an AI system looks up your brand directly versus broader, more general topics. 
  • More precise citation analysis: By separating brand-led demand from generic discovery, you can better assess brand strength, identify discovery and consideration opportunities, and interpret changes in citation performance with greater confidence. 

Why we care. Being able to break down and filter your analytics reports by branded and non-branded queries can help you zone in to the data that matters to you. Having more clarity on how people find your content through AI search and chat experiences are important and useful. This update gives you a little more information to work with when it comes to understanding your AI visibility.

Be the brand AI recommends.

See where your brand appears in AI search, where competitors are winning, and what it takes to become the answer AI recommends.

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Ana Kostic shared why “best practice” cost her client 40% of revenue.

On the latest episode of PPC Live the Podcast, Ana Kostic shared how one account restructure taught her a lesson that still shapes how she manages paid media today: successful PPC isn’t about building the perfect campaign structure—it’s about protecting the business behind it.

The mistake: A “perfect” account restructure

Early in her career, Kostic inherited a Google Ads account with a messy structure. Determined to apply PPC best practices, she rebuilt the account from the ground up, confident that cleaner campaigns and better keyword organisation would improve performance. Instead, traffic and sales dropped by around 40%.

The hidden cost of starting over

The issue wasn’t the new structure itself—it was wiping away years of historical performance data that Google’s systems had learned from. The account eventually recovered, but only after roughly two and a half months, with the full benefits taking closer to six months to materialise.

The lesson wasn’t about Google Ads

For Kostic, the biggest takeaway wasn’t technical. It was recognising that businesses can’t afford major revenue dips while platforms relearn campaign performance. “You have to think about the business first,” she said.

Ask business questions before platform questions

Today, Kostic starts every onboarding by understanding the business rather than the account. She asks about cash flow, margins, growth goals and how much short-term disruption the company can realistically absorb before recommending major structural changes.

Why slow beats perfect

Rather than replacing campaigns overnight, Kostic now introduces changes gradually, allowing new structures to learn while existing campaigns continue delivering results. Her philosophy is simple: “We like it slow and boring.”

Communication is part of optimisation

Kostic also credits her former manager for helping navigate the difficult conversations that followed. Instead of assigning blame, the agency focused on transparency, created a recovery plan and supported both the client and the team until performance stabilised.

PPC doesn’t stop inside Google Ads

One of Kostic’s biggest pieces of advice is to spend more time talking to sales teams. Those conversations often reveal the language customers actually use, helping advertisers build better campaigns than platform data alone can provide.

AI doesn’t change the fundamentals

While she’s a strong advocate for products like Performance Max, Kostic says AI shouldn’t replace good decision-making. Advertisers should still put guardrails in place, test gradually and prioritise business stability over chasing every new feature.

Bottom line

The biggest PPC mistakes aren’t always campaign mistakes—they’re business mistakes. For Kostic, rebuilding an account too aggressively became the experience that transformed her from a platform specialist into a business-first strategist.

See exactly how your competitors win.

Uncover the keywords, ads, landing pages, and strategies driving your competitors’ paid search success—and find your next opportunity to outperform them.

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Web Design and Development San Diego

Platform properties roll out globally, plus a new social and video performance guide

Earlier this month, we announced platform properties for Search Console,
allowing you to track how your social and video posts on Instagram, TikTok, X, and YouTube perform on Google Search,
Discover, and Google News. Today, platform properties are globally available to everyone.

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Attribution vs. incrementality: Why you need both

Attribution vs. incrementality: Why the difference matters

Incrementality and attribution are two approaches to measuring marketing performance that are frequently discussed as though they are competing lenses viewing the same data. But they’re actually designed to answer very different questions, using different forms of evidence.

Attribution asks which observed marketing touchpoints should receive credit for a conversion. Incrementality asks whether the marketing activity caused additional conversions that wouldn’t have occurred without it.

A refresher on attribution

Attribution is the favored child of marketing analytics teams everywhere, circa 2015. Marketers discovered that some conversion paths contained multiple touchpoints across the digital landscape, like this:

  • Display → Paid Social → Organic Search → Email → Purchase.

That raised questions about which channel should get what “credit”:

  • Should the display ad get the most credit for the conversion because it was the first exposure?
  • Or should the email, because that’s the touchpoint that finally convinced the user to buy?
  • And what about the social ad and the organic presence in the middle?

That’s where attribution modeling came in. Attribution modeling provided frameworks for deciding how that credit should be distributed. Some models assigned the entire conversion to a single touchpoint. Others divided it among multiple interactions.

So if the final value of the conversion is $100, an attribution model tells marketers that display can take credit for $30, email for $30, and the remaining $40 is split between paid social and organic. 

Then, when you’re evaluating the success of your channels, you have a more nuanced framework for distributing revenue credit. And when you’re deciding on what channels get what budget for the next fiscal year, you have a way to compare and contrast.

Example: How a $100 conversion might be distributed across four marketing touchpoints.

Attribution model Display Paid Social Organic Search Email How credit is assigned
First-touch $100 $0 $0 $0 All credit goes to the first observed interaction.
Last-touch $0 $0 $0  $100  All credit goes to the final observed interaction before purchase.
Linear $25  $25  $25  $25 Credit is divided equally among every observed touchpoint.
Position-
based
$40 $10 $10 $40 The first and last interactions receive the most credit, while the middle interactions split the remainder.
Time-decay $10 $20 $30 $40 Touchpoints receive progressively more credit as they occur closer to the conversion.
Data-driven $30 $20 $20 $30  Credit is distributed according to each touchpoint’s estimated contribution to the conversion.

Note: These are simplified examples. Position-based models can use different weighting rules, time-decay allocations depend on timing, and actual data-driven models vary.

See exactly how your competitors win.

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Incrementality 101

Incrementality began to gain renewed interest from marketers around 2020.

Rather than dole out credit for a sale to different touchpoints and channels based on a mathematical equation, incrementality relies on carefully guardrailed tests of real, live sales data that attempt to prove the “true” impact of a marketing activity rather than its correlation. Incrementality tries to answer the question:

  • How many of these sales were actually caused by this campaign, without counting how many would have happened regardless?

The answer to that question is what marketers call lift. And through tightly controlled tests leaning on the scientific method, marketers were able to isolate the difference in sales between a group exposed to the marketing activity and an equivalent group that wasn’t exposed to marketing materials.

Incrementality is best explained through an example.

Let’s say you want to discover the lift of a given marketing campaign. So you divide your audience into two groups: a control group of folks who won’t be exposed to the campaign and an exposed group that does see the campaign.

You run your campaign for 30 days, then look at the results. While the exposed group completed 1,000 purchases, the control group completed 800 purchases. The incremental lift of the campaign would be 200 purchases.

An attribution model could associate many or all 1,000 purchases with the campaign. It would allocate the value across the platforms and touchpoints involved according to the model you choose.

Incrementality, on the other hand, would conclude that only those 200 additional purchases were actually caused by the campaign.

Dig deeper: Why attribution and impact are no longer the same thing in PPC

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Using attribution and incrementality together

Where marketers go wrong is when they go all in on either framework. The two concepts can play nicely together (provided you’re using the right one to answer the right question). If you’re looking to optimize your campaigns or deep dive into the user journey of your customer, attribution is going to be your best friend, helping you evaluate platforms and touchpoints by giving you a shared success metric with which to compare them.

If, on the other hand, you’re defending your budget from a proposed cut, incrementality is going to be your strongest source of evidence regarding which channels actually create additional business with their budget, rather than capturing business that would have happened anyway.

Attribution Incrementality
Primary question Which observed marketing touchpoints should receive credit for a conversion? How many additional conversions occurred because of the marketing activity?
Best use case Ongoing campaign optimization, understanding customer journeys, and allocating credit across measurable channels. Validating whether an investment creates additional business value and informing higher-level budget decisions.
Main blind spot Correlation is not causation: a touchpoint may receive credit for a conversion it did not actually create. Tests can be expensive, slow, or difficult to design, and results may not explain which individual touchpoints influenced the customer.
Most likely stakeholder Channel managers, performance marketers, platform teams, and marketing analytics teams. Marketing leadership, finance, data science, growth strategy, and budget owners.

Where platforms get confused by attribution and incrementality

If there’s one question that has haunted me throughout my career, it’s this one: “Why don’t these numbers match?

Most often, it’s asked when a channel platform’s reported revenue or conversions differ from the numbers found in the client’s CRM, web analytics, or other source of truth. They almost never line up perfectly.

What can be tough to explain succinctly to a client is this: The fact that they differ doesn’t necessarily mean either is incorrect. Each system applies its own logic based on the interactions it can observe, which conversions should qualify for credit, and how long after an interaction credit can still be attributed. But neither is “wrong.”

An advertising platform may correctly observe and report that a customer viewed or clicked on an ad before purchasing. But evidence that an ad was seen before a purchase isn’t necessarily proof that the ad caused it, nor is it proof that the ad didn’t cause it.

This becomes particularly important with automated campaigns, especially as platforms continue to push these automated solutions on marketers. Automated systems are designed to maximize performance based on the conversion signals defined inside the platform. They’re simply not designed to maximize performance based on your carefully calculated incremental lift test results.

As a result, automated campaigns target audiences, placements, and queries already associated with users likely to convert, such as existing customers, branded searchers, and remarketing audiences. Those conversions may be entirely valid according to the platform’s attribution model, while creating less additional revenue than the campaign report implies.

In other words, automated campaigns can increase the number of conversions credited to a given campaign without actually causing an equal increase in total sales. 

Dig deeper: Your ROAS looks great — but is it actually driving growth?

A note on in-platform lift studies

It’s true, platforms are increasingly offering lift studies and other incrementality-focused tools. But it’s a mistake to assume that incremental value is automatically incorporated into automated campaign optimization.

After all, “data without insights is meaningless, and insights without action are pointless.” In other words, a lift study will only affect performance if and when someone applies its findings to the campaign’s objectives, inputs, or budget decisions.

A platform like Google Ads may provide a controlled lift experiment, but unless the advertiser applies the test findings — or selects a campaign setting explicitly designed to optimize for incrementality — the measurement system and the delivery system are still going to be working toward two different definitions of success.

Some platforms are starting to address this. Meta, for example, now offers a very promising incremental attribution model intended to optimize delivery toward conversions it predicts were directly caused by advertising. For now, though, that’s a specific optimization choice that, again, requires action by the advertiser and isn’t an inherent feature of every automated campaign.

Every click they win is a customer you lose.

See where competitors are investing, which keywords drive their results, and how to capture more of the market.

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Know which question you’re trying to answer

In sum, attribution and incrementality aren’t competing methods for finding one definitive metric. They’re different tools designed to answer different questions. And like most tools, they perform best when they’re doing the job they’re designed for. You wouldn’t try to use your Allen wrench as a hammer, would you?

Attribution helps us marketers understand which touchpoints contributed to a conversion and provides a shared basis for comparing channels. Incrementality helps businesses understand whether their marketing investment generated additional conversions that wouldn’t have occurred otherwise.

The best marketers need both. While attribution provides the ongoing signals needed to optimize campaigns and understand customer journeys, incrementality helps validate whether those optimizations are creating new business value or simply capturing demand that already existed.

As automated campaigns take greater control over targeting, placements, bidding, and budget allocation, understanding both sides will only become more important. A system can become exceptionally efficient at maximizing attributed conversions without becoming equally effective at producing incremental growth.

So the next time a platform report contradicts your CRM, don’t assume either number is wrong — ask which question each number was designed to answer.

Dig deeper: The end of easy PPC attribution — and what to do next

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Putting Google Ads AI Max’s automated ad copy to the test

Putting Google Ads AI Max’s automated ad copy to the test

One of AI Max’s capabilities is creating assets for you. This can take the strain off the PPC team by reducing the need to customize ads for every single ad group.

We wanted to quantify how well the text customization feature worked for various companies, so we ran tests with three different companies to understand how much we should or shouldn’t be using text customization.

As we’re a software company that helps companies manage their PPC accounts, not the agency doing the work, we worked with the companies to guide them on how to set up and analyze the tests.

We’ll start by examining the process we used to help the companies set up the tests so you can run this experiment yourself, and then we’ll examine the test results.

Text customization and messaging restrictions

Before you run this test, you need to understand the features involved.

First, you need to turn on AI Max and the text customization feature. 

Google Ads AI Max - Asset optimization

Since this is AI working in the background for you, it can tailor the assets in every single ad group to the keywords in that group. While this sounds nice, the assets can sometimes be used to run promotions or advertise products and services you don’t offer.

To help guide the system, you should apply messaging restrictions when using auto-created assets.

Google Ads AI Max - Text guidelines

Messaging restrictions can help guide the system on what the ads should and shouldn’t say. In addition, you can give it rules around your brand guidelines.

The overall process for creating good messaging restrictions is fairly simple and only takes an hour or two:

  • Use a prompt in Gemini to create your initial assets.
  • Then use a prompt to make the ads overly promotional, create promises you don’t like, etc. Essentially, you’re having the system write ads you don’t approve of and want to ensure Google doesn’t create assets like these on your behalf.
  • Create messaging restrictions to stop the assets you don’t like from being generated.
  • Use a prompt to create new, highly promotional ads with your messaging restrictions until all created assets fit your company’s messaging guidelines.

Dig deeper: Is your account ready for Google AI Max? A pre-test checklist

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Choosing the campaigns to test

We wanted to see how these assets performed across different types of companies and different levels of campaign optimization.

Therefore, we first chose three business types:

  • Ecommerce.
  • B2B lead gen.
  • B2C lead gen.

In each account, we only wanted campaigns that met a specific set of criteria:

  • Did not use brand keywords.
  • Spent at least $20,000 per month.
  • Had at least 100 ad groups.

Most companies have some campaigns that are their best performers, where the team spends a lot of time optimizing the campaigns. Then you have your campaigns that are long-tail, do well in aggregate, but receive less attention.

To understand how well text customization was going to perform, we used two campaigns that were highly watched and two that were somewhat neglected from each account. 

We also wanted to see how the new assets performed, so we chose campaigns that didn’t rely heavily on pinning, which excluded many of the highest-spending campaigns, since most large and enterprise companies extensively use pinning in their top campaigns.

Finally, we wanted to test only the assets, not URL expansion, so none of the campaigns used the final URL expansion feature.

Asset review

As you run these tests, you’ll want to monitor the auto-created assets and remove any that don’t align with your brand messaging or offers.

When looking for AI-generated assets, it’s essential that you change the default filters to include the ad, as this filter isn’t chosen by default. 

Google Ads AI Max - Asset review filters

The companies in the test monitored these assets as they were created and removed them before they received many impressions. Ignoring the B2B results (more on that later), approximately 19% of the auto-created assets were removed.

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The results

Ecommerce campaigns

This ecommerce company sells over 100,000 SKUs, so it has a lot of products, and many users are accustomed to visiting the website and searching again if the landing page doesn’t have the specific product they’re looking for.

At first glance, it appeared that both AI Max and text customization were incredibly successful.

Google Ads AI Max - Ecommerce

However, after further analysis, we found that AI Max was poaching impressions, clicks, and conversions from other campaigns and that the overall revenue for the account declined. 

The company added many search terms as keywords to help Google prioritize the correct ad group and campaign. Then it added more negative keywords and audience lists to slow cannibalization and reran the tests.

We observed that AI text customization wasn’t as effective as human management of assets for highly optimized campaigns. However, it was good at assisting the long-tail campaign.

Dig deeper: Why your brand campaign may not be ready for AI Max

B2B lead generation

When creating RSA assets for B2B companies, one of the most important considerations is how to properly prequalify your audience through your asset usage. You want your ads to be unattractive to B2C searchers and appeal to B2B searchers.

This company had previously used pinning quite extensively across its assets to ensure this qualification. However, it wanted to see how well Google could optimize its accounts, so it removed its pins during this test.

The nuance of prequalifying a B2B audience is one that text customization clearly doesn’t understand. The B2B accounts saw their CTRs skyrocket. However, the conversion rates declined significantly since the ads were attracting many B2C searchers.

Google Ads AI Max - B2B lead generation

The messaging restrictions included language to ensure the assets prequalified users as part of a B2B audience. While some of the assets met this criterion, the overall ads that were shown to users didn’t properly appeal to B2B buyers.

The other tests ran for over a month. However, after three weeks, the results were so poor that this company stopped the tests and went back to pinning its ads and removing the auto-created assets. Within a week, its results returned to their pretest levels.

B2C lead generation

Our last test was with a B2C lead generation company that localizes its ads through geographic ad copy or geographic insertion.

Its optimized campaigns had tailored ad copy for the keywords in every single ad group. Its long-tail campaign had a few headline assets in each ad group, tailored to the keywords, but most assets were reused across ad groups.

Seeing formulaic ad copy in lower-priority campaigns is quite common, and this is where we were hoping to see AI auto-created assets perform well, since there was a lot of opportunity for better ads.

Google Ads AI Max - B2C lead generation

AI Max auto-created assets didn’t disappoint in these low-priority campaigns. While these assets didn’t outperform the assets humans had spent a lot of time testing in their top campaigns, AI performed quite well for the long-tail campaign.

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Where AI Max automated assets work best

AI is a fantastic tool at your disposal. For ads where you’re spending a lot of time thinking through your messaging, it can be good at helping you generate ideas, but human-created assets still outperform AI-generated assets.

If you need specific types of assets, such as prequalifying users for B2B audiences, specific offers, or short-term promotions, then you should take control of the assets yourself and not turn them over to AI.

However, auto-created assets shine when you just don’t have enough time to fully optimize your creatives. Using AI to create your assets, assuming you have good messaging restrictions and regularly review these assets, can help your overall performance.

We’re still a long way from AI being a turn-on-and-forget setting. It needs babysitting and oversight. However, having AI do the heavy lifting in areas where you don’t have the time to fully optimize, and then spending your time reviewing and tweaking the outcomes, is the best use of AI in ad creation.

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Google indexed Claude Chats because Anthropic didn’t block your private chats from search engines

Sadly, every so often, you hear of content being indexed and exposed on Google and other search engines. Often the issue is not necessarily with the search engine but with the site that hosts and holds that information. Those sites often do not set the proper blocking mechanisms in place to communicate to Google and other search engines that the content should not be indexed and shown within the search results.

That is what happened recently with Anthropic’s Claude Chats showing up in Google, Bing and other search engines.

More details. Wired’s story named Private Claude Chats Exposed in Google and Bing Search Results explained how private chats from Claude were found on the web on Google, Bing and other search engines. The chats included politics, health discussions and more, all pretty sensitive chats. “Claude allows users to share with other people “snapshots” of chats by creating a public URL to a specific chatbot thread,” Wired explained.

“The reasons some of these URLs were indexed by major search engines comes down to the basic functions of websites, search engines, and the collision of the two when generative AI gets in the mix,” Wired added.

The primary issue is that if you block both using robots.txt directive and use noindex on that page, search engines like Google and Bing won’t be able to see the noindex tag since the crawlers won’t be able to access the page with the directive.

Doing a site command for [site:claude.ai/share] would return hundreds of chats from Claude over the weekend, but now those results have been removed.

Glenn Gabe said on X that he wished these journalists would have spoken to an SEO before covering the story. “It’s filled with bad information. If you block via robots.txt AND noindex the page, Google and Bing *cannot* see the noindex tag since they can’t crawl the page and see the tag in the HTML,” he explained correctly.

This is not new information; Google’s own documentation has a huge notice at the top of the page that says in bold and red highlights:

“Important: For the noindex rule to be effective, the page or resource must not be blocked by a robots.txt file, and it has to be otherwise accessible to the crawler. If the page is blocked by a robots.txt file or the crawler can’t access the page, the crawler will never see the noindex rule, and the page can still appear in search results, for example if other pages link to it.”

What Google said. Ned Adriance, a Google spokesperson from the Google Search side of the team, understands how this works. And he told Wired, “Neither Google nor any other search engine controls what pages are made public on the web, and these pages were indexed across many search engines.” He added, “We give site owners clear controls to decide whether pages can be crawled or indexed, and we always respect those directives.”

For some reason, Microsoft Bing and Anthropic did not provide any comment to Wired on the issue.

Why we care. This shows the importance of consulting with an SEO who understands how to ensure the right pages are indexed and visible in search and maybe more importantly, the pages you do not want to show up in Google or Bing Search are not discoverable and do not show up in the search results.

Controlling the visibility of your content is SEO 101, and sadly, we see this issue come up over and over again with sensitive information being open and available on the web.

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How SEO reduces blended customer acquisition costs

How SEO reduces blended customer acquisition costs

For every dollar you spend on SEO, how much do you get in return?

Impressions, clicks, rankings, and query growth can show the results of SEO activity. But they don’t tell executives what they need to understand: how much it costs to acquire a customer (CAC), how that cost changes as SEO efforts continue, and whether overall acquisition efficiency is improving.

The challenge is that SEO rarely operates within the clean boundaries that a channel-level CAC calculation implies.

SEO creates entry points across the customer journey and influences other acquisition channels along the way. Its value, then, isn’t only in the customers directly attributed to organic search. It’s also in how SEO can make the broader acquisition system more efficient.

The reality of acquiring a customer

A user may first find a company through a nonbrand search, return through paid search, compare alternatives through content found in ChatGPT, sign up for a newsletter on the website, read through guides for a week, and then finally convert through the owned channel.

The final conversion might be attributed to email. Paid search may receive some credit for the return visit. The original organic discovery may disappear from the standard report entirely.

But SEO still influenced the acquisition and may have reduced its total cost.

CAC can be measured by individual channel or across channels as blended CAC. CAC expectations vary considerably by channel:

  • Paid search.
  • Paid social.
  • Email.
  • SEO.

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Paid search captures high-intent demand

Paid search may have the cleanest attribution. Users search for solutions to their problems, product terms, categories, or other related queries. You pay for the click, and a percentage of those clicks convert.

From there, you get spend / customers acquired = paid search CAC.

It’s also usually close to the transaction, which makes it easier to credit regardless of other factors, such as whether paid social may have warmed the audience first.

A user who clicks a search ad may already know the brand through social campaigns, podcast appearances, how-to guides, recommendations, or competitor research. The demand is high-intent, and paid search captures its final expression.

Paid social influences demand earlier

Paid social’s impact on CAC is often indirect because its primary strengths are creating awareness, warming audiences, building retargeting or feeder pools, and connecting users with problems they may want to solve before they’re ready to buy.

It’s unlikely that your users are scrolling on Instagram thinking, “I would like to spend some money right now.”

But seeing a product address their problem during their free time may make the brand more familiar when they later search for a solution at work, improving blended CAC efficiency.

If you looked only at paid social as spend / customers acquired = paid social CAC, you’d probably cut the budget. But then, if you look at what it does to paid or branded search CAC through holdout tests, you’d potentially restart the social budget after seeing the overall acquisition engine decline.

It’s a form of incrementality. Experiments compare exposed and unexposed groups to estimate how much additional activity a marketing investment produces instead of simply assigning credit to the last recorded touchpoint.

Email depends on other acquisition channels

Lifecycle channels like email work differently. If you own an audience through email capture and you look at converting them into paid users or continuous purchasers, you can think of email CAC along the lines of cost of email program / converted customer value.

But then you still have to run paid to capture the emails in the first place, or you need a strong SEO presence to do so. The apparent efficiency is highly dependent on other channels.

SEO touches all of these channels, and all of these channels can influence SEO in return. For example, a paid social campaign could generate 100 brand mentions that benefit your overall organic visibility.

Together, they create a connected acquisition system.

Dig deeper: SEO and PPC alignment starts with your org chart

Attribution models don’t fix the problem

It sounds like the solution is a better attribution model, and then SEOs can speak about CAC more effectively and get more budget. But there are still limitations.

Last-click attribution would just give credit to the final measurable source. First-click would just give credit to the initial source. Linear or position-based models distribute credit, and data-driven attribution would observe data to estimate what contributed most.

Data-driven attribution may improve reporting, but it remains a model rather than a complete record of the customer journey.

Because how do you evaluate interactions that aren’t observed, identified, or connected to a user’s journey? There are deleted cookies, consent restrictions, cross-device behavior, long sales cycles depending on your niche, offline conversions, and that list of limitations could go on for a while.

So, regardless of your attribution model, it doesn’t always provide a complete record of causality and shouldn’t be treated as such. This further reinforces that acquisition is a system, not an isolated channel.

As the search ecosystem changes, even more of SEO’s influence is becoming difficult to observe.

Dig deeper: Why first-touch analytics matters more than ever for SEO

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SEO’s influence is becoming harder to observe

Measuring CAC for SEO as an isolated channel is becoming increasingly difficult.

SparkToro’s analysis of Similarweb clickstream data found that 68.01% of U.S. Google searches ended without a click during the first four months of 2026. In 2024, the figure was 60.45%, representing an increase of roughly 7.6 percentage points in two years.

Users can still see a company in an AI Overview, read a search snippet, or engage in other behaviors, but fewer and fewer are measured through impression → click → conversion.

SEO still influences these interactions, but its impact may appear smaller in a dashboard.

There’s also significant overlap between SEO efforts and AI visibility, depending on which agency or existential hill you’re standing on.

SEO leans out blended CAC

SEO’s biggest advantage is that its financial returns can compound. A paid campaign stops sending traffic to the website when the budget stops, but a strong organic presence can continue creating entry points long after the initial investment.

If you build topical authority across a category with meaningful demand, the cost to maintain that visibility, including the costs of keeping up with competitors, is often lower than continuously buying the same demand through paid search.

That could include technical improvements, content production, digital PR, product pages, and ongoing optimization.

During the first few months, the program may appear inefficient from a CAC perspective because the investment occurs before returns materialize. Then, as visibility grows, that same work starts to increase customer volume while spend stabilizes at maintenance levels, and CAC decreases.

That’s one way SEO leans out blended CAC. It does this by:

  • Creating nonpaid entry points into the funnel.
  • Capturing demand that paid would otherwise have to buy.
  • Supporting paid search and paid social conversion.
  • Increasing branded and direct demand over time.
  • Educating buyers before sales conversations.
  • Improving conversion through comparison, use-case, and objection-handling content.
  • Feeding owned channels like email.
  • Reducing support and retention friction through product and help content.

When considering the impact, it can be true that SEO is among the more efficient levers for reducing a business’s blended CAC.

Dig deeper: 3 ways to build a more complete SEO ROI model

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Reframe the SEO investment conversation

The attribution model can point to various channels as the highest-performing, but the organic infrastructure may be contributing to that performance.

That’s where SEOs should point when reframing the conversation.

Instead of answering how much you get in return for every dollar spent on SEO, consider how much more money you’ll have to spend on other channels for every dollar not spent on SEO.

If SEO is doing its job, it’s part of a cohesive system, and its role is to increase volume while reducing blended costs.

SEO teams should still report channel CAC when the data allows, but executives should evaluate it alongside influenced pipeline, replacement costs, and changes in blended acquisition efficiency.

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